0 Dominie Wright 2012 How the misidentification of a pathogen can cause an emergency response – a real life case study of an Australian grain export incident Microbiology Australia 33 March 2012 <p>In February 2004, a shipment of Australian wheat was rejected by an importing country that alleged the grain contained ustilospores of <em>Tilletia indica</em>. This allegation caused all wheat trading and shipments from Australia to be stopped. At this time, Australian wheat was worth A$4 billion and provided 14% of the world's export demand1. How did this misidentification occur? And why is correct identification of pathogens so important when trading with other countries?</p>